System and method of scanning an environment

ABSTRACT

A system for linking information of a point of interest to a position within an image of the location may include a portable device structured to determine a position of the point of interest in the image when the portable device is present within the location depicted by the image; an accessory operably coupled to the portable device and comprising a tool structured to provide information related to the point of interest; a processor operably coupled to the portable device and configured to create a data structure linking the information with the position of the point of interest; and a storage structured to store the data structure.

BACKGROUND

The present application is directed to a system that optically scans an environment, such as a building, and in particular to a portable system that generates two-dimensional floorplans of the scanned environment and links information regarding points of interest of the scanned environment to coordinates within an image of the scanned environment.

The automated creation of digital two-dimensional floorplans for existing structures is desirable as it allows the size and shape of the environment to be used in many processes. For example, a floorplan may be desirable to allow construction drawings to be prepared during a renovation. Such floorplans may find other uses such as in documenting a building for a fire department or to document a crime scene.

Existing measurement systems typically use a scanning device that determines coordinates of surfaces in the environment by both emitting a light and capturing a reflection to determine a distance or by triangulation using cameras. These scanning device are mounted to a movable structure, such as a cart, and moved through the building to generate a digital representation of the building. These systems tend to be more complex and require specialized personnel to perform the scan. Further, the scanning equipment including the movable structure may be bulky, which could further delay the scanning process in time sensitive situations, such as a crime or accident scene investigation.

Additionally, in some situations such as a crime scene, accident scene, or other emergency situation, it may be helpful to link information about points of interest in the environment to coordinates within an image generated by the scanning system. Such a system could quickly capture important details and link these details to a specific point in the image, thereby allowing personnel to more quickly gather an organize data in time-sensitive situations.

Accordingly, while existing scanners are suitable for their intended purposes, what is needed is a system for having certain features of embodiments of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

An embodiment of a system for linking information of a point of interest to a position within an image of the location may include a portable device structured to determine a position of the point of interest in the image when the portable device is present within the location depicted by the image; an accessory operably coupled to the portable device and comprising a tool structured to provide information related to the point of interest; a processor operably coupled to the portable device and configured to create a data structure linking the information with the position of the point of interest; and a storage structured to store the data structure.

An embodiment of a method for linking information of a point of interest to a position within a location may include acquiring an image depicting the location; determining, with a portable device while the portable device is present within the location depicted by the image, a position of the point of interest in the image; acquiring information related to the point of interest with a tool, the tool being provided in an accessory operably coupled to the portable device; creating a data structure linking the information with the position of the point of interest; and storing the data structure in a storage.

At least an embodiment of a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store therein computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform acquiring an image depicting a location; determining, with a portable device while the portable device is present within the location depicted by the image, a position of a point of interest in the image; acquiring information related to the point of interest with a tool, the tool being provided in an accessory operably coupled to the portable device; creating a data structure linking the information with the position of the point of interest; and storing the data structure in a storage.

These and other advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter, which is regarded as the invention, is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGS. 1-3 are perspective views of a scanning and mapping system in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a first end view of the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of the system of a scanning and mapping system in accordance with another embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a first end view of the system of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a top sectional view of the system of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion of the second end of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the system of FIG. 1 and FIG. 6;

FIG. 11-13 are schematic illustrations of the operation of system of FIG. 9 in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a flow diagram of a method of generating a two-dimensional map of an environment;

FIGS. 15-16 are plan views of stages of a two-dimensional map generated with the method of FIG. 14 in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 17-18 are schematic views of the operation of the system of FIG. 9 in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram of a method of generating a two-dimensional map using the system of FIG. 9 in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a system in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 21 is an exploded perspective view of a system in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a front view of a system in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a cross section view of a system in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a plan view of a two-dimensional map and points of interest in accordance with at least an embodiment.

FIG. 25 shows a table relating coordinates of a point of interest with information about the point of interest in accordance with at least an embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing a method of linking coordinates of a point of interest to information related to the point of interest according to at least an embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a flowchart showing a method of linking coordinates of a point of interest to information related to the point of interest according to at least an embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a schematic illustration showing the connections of the accessory, controller, and mobile device according to at least an embodiment.

The detailed description explains embodiments of the invention, together with advantages and features, by way of example with reference to the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to a device that includes a system having a 2D scanner that works cooperatively with an inertial measurement unit to generate an annotated two-dimensional map of an environment.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-5, an embodiment of a system 30 may have a housing 32 that includes a body 34 and a handle 36. In an embodiment, the handle 36 may include an actuator 38 that allows the operator to interact with the system 30. In the exemplary embodiment, the body 34 includes a generally rectangular center portion 35 with a slot 40 formed in an end 42. The slot 40 is at least partially defined by a pair walls 44 that are angled towards a second end 48. As will be discussed in more detail herein, a portion of a two-dimensional scanner 50 is arranged between the walls 44. The walls 44 are angled to allow the scanner 50 to operate by emitting a light over a large angular area without interference from the walls 44. As will be discussed in more detail herein, the end 42 may further include a three-dimensional camera or RGBD camera 60.

Extending from the center portion 35 is a mobile device holder 41. The mobile device holder 41 is configured to securely couple a mobile device 43 to the housing 32. The holder 41 may include one or more fastening elements, such as a magnetic or mechanical latching element for example, that couples the mobile device 43 to the housing 32. In an embodiment, the mobile device 43 is coupled to communicate with a controller 68 (FIG. 10). The communication between the controller 68 and the mobile device 43 may be via any suitable communications medium, such as wired, wireless or optical communication mediums for example.

In the illustrated embodiment, the holder 41 is pivotally coupled to the housing 32, such that it may be selectively rotated into a closed position within a recess 46. In an embodiment, the recess 46 is sized and shaped to receive the holder 41 with the mobile device 43 disposed therein.

In the exemplary embodiment, the second end 48 includes a plurality of exhaust vent openings 56. In an embodiment, shown in FIGS. 6-9, the exhaust vent openings 56 are fluidly coupled to intake vent openings 58 arranged on a bottom surface 62 of center portion 35. The intake vent openings 58 allow external air to enter a conduit 64 having an opposite opening 66 (FIG. 6) in fluid communication with the hollow interior 67 of the body 34. In an embodiment, the opening 66 is arranged adjacent to a controller 68 which has one or more processors that is operable to perform the methods described herein. In an embodiment, the external air flows from the opening 66 over or around the controller 68 and out the exhaust vent openings 56.

The controller 68 is coupled to a wall 70 of body 34. In an embodiment, the wall 70 is coupled to or integral with the handle 36. The controller 68 is electrically coupled to the 2D scanner 50, the 3D camera 60, a power source 72, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) 74, a laser line projector 76, and a haptic feedback device 77.

Referring now to FIG. 10 with continuing reference to FIGS. 1-9, elements are shown of the system 30 with the mobile device 43 installed or coupled to the housing 32. Controller 68 is a suitable electronic device capable of accepting data and instructions, executing the instructions to process the data, and presenting the results. The controller 68 includes one or more processing elements 78. The processors may be microprocessors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and generally any device capable of performing computing functions. The one or more processors 78 have access to memory 80 for storing information.

Controller 68 is capable of converting the analog voltage or current level provided by 2D scanner 50, camera 60 and IMU 74 into a digital signal to determine a distance from the system 30 to an object in the environment. In an embodiment, the camera 60 is a 3D or RGBD type camera. Controller 68 uses the digital signals that act as input to various processes for controlling the system 30. The digital signals represent one or more system 30 data including but not limited to distance to an object, images of the environment, acceleration, pitch orientation, yaw orientation and roll orientation. As will be discussed in more detail, the digital signals may be from components internal to the housing 32 or from sensors and devices located in the mobile device 43.

In general, when the mobile device 43 is not installed, controller 68 accepts data from 2D scanner 50 and IMU 74 and is given certain instructions for the purpose of generating a two-dimensional map of a scanned environment. Controller 68 provides operating signals to the 2D scanner 50, the camera 60, laser line projector 76 and haptic feedback device 77. Controller 68 also accepts data from IMU 74, indicating, for example, whether the operator is operating in the system in the desired orientation. The controller 68 compares the operational parameters to predetermined variances (e.g. yaw, pitch or roll thresholds) and if the predetermined variance is exceeded, generates a signal that activates the haptic feedback device 77. The data received by the controller 68 may be displayed on a user interface coupled to controller 68. The user interface may be one or more LEDs (light-emitting diodes) 82, an LCD (liquid-crystal diode) display, a CRT (cathode ray tube) display, or the like. A keypad may also be coupled to the user interface for providing data input to controller 68. In one embodiment, the user interface is arranged or executed on the mobile device 43.

The controller 68 may also be coupled to external computer networks such as a local area network (LAN) and the Internet. A LAN interconnects one or more remote computers, which are configured to communicate with controller 68 using a well-known computer communications protocol such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet({circumflex over ( )}) Protocol), RS-232, ModBus, and the like. Additional systems 30 may also be connected to LAN with the controllers 68 in each of these systems 30 being configured to send and receive data to and from remote computers and other systems 30. The LAN may be connected to the Internet. This connection allows controller 68 to communicate with one or more remote computers connected to the Internet.

The processors 78 are coupled to memory 80. The memory 80 may include random access memory (RAM) device 84, a non-volatile memory (NVM) device 86, a read-only memory (ROM) device 88. In addition, the processors 78 may be connected to one or more input/output (I/O) controllers 90 and a communications circuit 92. In an embodiment, the communications circuit 92 provides an interface that allows wireless or wired communication with one or more external devices or networks, such as the LAN discussed above.

Controller 68 includes operation control methods embodied in application code shown or described with reference to FIGS. 11-14 and FIG. 19. These methods are embodied in computer instructions written to be executed by processors 78, typically in the form of software. The software can be encoded in any language, including, but not limited to, assembly language, VHDL (Verilog Hardware Description Language), VHSIC HDL (Very High Speed IC Hardware Description Language), Fortran (formula translation), C, C++, C #, Objective-C, Visual C++, Java, ALGOL (algorithmic language), BASIC (beginners all-purpose symbolic instruction code), visual BASIC, ActiveX, HTML (HyperText Markup Language), Python, Ruby and any combination or derivative of at least one of the foregoing.

Coupled to the controller 68 is the 2D scanner 50. The 2D scanner 50 measures 2D coordinates in a plane. In the exemplary embodiment, the scanning is performed by steering light within a plane to illuminate object points in the environment. The 2D scanner 50 collects the reflected (scattered) light from the object points to determine 2D coordinates of the object points in the 2D plane. In an embodiment, the 2D scanner 50 scans a spot of light over an angle while at the same time measuring an angle value and corresponding distance value to each of the illuminated object points.

Examples of 2D scanners 50 include, but are not limited to Model LMS100 scanners manufactured by Sick, Inc of Minneapolis, Minn. and scanner Models URG-04LX-UG01 and UTM-30LX manufactured by Hokuyo Automatic Co., Ltd of Osaka, Japan. The scanners in the Sick LMS100 family measure angles over a 270 degree range and over distances up to 20 meters. The Hoyuko model URG-04LX-UG01 is a low-cost 2D scanner that measures angles over a 240 degree range and distances up to 4 meters. The Hoyuko model UTM-30LX is a 2D scanner that measures angles over a 270 degree range and to distances up to 30 meters. It should be appreciated that the above 2D scanners are exemplary and other types of 2D scanners are also available.

In an embodiment, the 2D scanner 50 is oriented so as to scan a beam of light over a range of angles in a generally horizontal plane (relative to the floor of the environment being scanned). At instants in time the 2D scanner 50 returns an angle reading and a corresponding distance reading to provide 2D coordinates of object points in the horizontal plane. In completing one scan over the full range of angles, the 2D scanner returns a collection of paired angle and distance readings. As the system 30 is moved from place to place, the 2D scanner 50 continues to return 2D coordinate values. These 2D coordinate values are used to locate the position of the system 30 thereby enabling the generation of a two-dimensional map or floorplan of the environment.

Also coupled to the controller 86 is the IMU 74. The IMU 74 is a position/orientation sensor that may include accelerometers 94 (inclinometers), gyroscopes 96, a magnetometers or compass 98, and altimeters. In the exemplary embodiment, the IMU 74 includes multiple accelerometers 94 and gyroscopes 96. The compass 98 indicates a heading based on changes in magnetic field direction relative to the earth's magnetic north. The IMU 74 may further have an altimeter that indicates altitude (height). An example of a widely used altimeter is a pressure sensor. By combining readings from a combination of position/orientation sensors with a fusion algorithm that may include a Kalman filter, relatively accurate position and orientation measurements can be obtained using relatively low-cost sensor devices. In the exemplary embodiment, the IMU 74 determines the pose or orientation of the system 30 about three-axis to allow a determination of a yaw, roll and pitch parameter.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6-9, the system 30 further includes a camera 60 that is a 3D or RGB-D camera. As used herein, the term 3D camera refers to a device that produces a two-dimensional image that includes distances to a point in the environment from the location of system 30. The 3D camera 30 may be a range camera or a stereo camera. In an embodiment, the 3D camera 30 includes an RGB-D sensor that combines color information with a per-pixel depth information. In an embodiment, the 3D camera 30 may include an infrared laser projector 31 (FIG. 9), a left infrared camera 33, a right infrared camera 39, and a color camera 37. In an embodiment, the 3D camera 60 is a RealSense™ camera model R200 manufactured by Intel Corporation.

In an embodiment, when the mobile device 43 is coupled to the housing 32, the mobile device 43 becomes an integral part of the system 30. In an embodiment, the mobile device 43 is a cellular phone, a tablet computer or a personal digital assistant (PDA). The mobile device 43 may be coupled for communication via a wired connection, such as ports 100, 102. The port 100 is coupled for communication to the processor 78, such as via I/O controller 90 for example. The ports 100, 102 may be any suitable port, such as but not limited to USB, USB-A, USB-B, USB-C, IEEE 1394 (Firewire), or Lightning™ connectors.

The mobile device 43 is a suitable electronic device capable of accepting data and instructions, executing the instructions to process the data, and presenting the results. The mobile device 43 includes one or more processing elements 104. The processors may be microprocessors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and generally any device capable of performing computing functions. The one or more processors 104 have access to memory 106 for storing information.

The mobile device 43 is capable of converting the analog voltage or current level provided by sensors 108 and processor 78. Mobile device 43 uses the digital signals that act as input to various processes for controlling the system 30. The digital signals represent one or more system 30 data including but not limited to distance to an object, images of the environment, acceleration, pitch orientation, yaw orientation, roll orientation, global position, ambient light levels, and altitude for example.

In general, mobile device 43 accepts data from sensors 108 and is given certain instructions for the purpose of generating or assisting the processor 78 in the generation of a two-dimensional map or three-dimensional map of a scanned environment. Mobile device 43 provides operating signals to the processor 78, the sensors 108 and a display 110. Mobile device 43 also accepts data from sensors 108, indicating, for example, to track the position of the mobile device 43 in the environment or measure coordinates of points on surfaces in the environment. The mobile device 43 compares the operational parameters to predetermined variances (e.g. yaw, pitch or roll thresholds) and if the predetermined variance is exceeded, may generate a signal. The data received by the mobile device 43 may be displayed on display 110. In an embodiment, the display 110 is a touch screen device that allows the operator to input data or control the operation of the system 30.

The controller 68 may also be coupled to external networks such as a local area network (LAN), a cellular network and the Internet. A LAN interconnects one or more remote computers, which are configured to communicate with controller 68 using a well-known computer communications protocol such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet({circumflex over ( )}) Protocol), RS-232, ModBus, and the like. Additional systems 30 may also be connected to LAN with the controllers 68 in each of these systems 30 being configured to send and receive data to and from remote computers and other systems 30. The LAN may be connected to the Internet. This connection allows controller 68 to communicate with one or more remote computers connected to the Internet.

The processors 104 are coupled to memory 106. The memory 106 may include random access memory (RAM) device, a non-volatile memory (NVM) device, and a read-only memory (ROM) device. In addition, the processors 104 may be connected to one or more input/output (I/O) controllers 112 and a communications circuit 114. In an embodiment, the communications circuit 114 provides an interface that allows wireless or wired communication with one or more external devices or networks, such as the LAN or the cellular network discussed above.

Controller 68 includes operation control methods embodied in application code shown or described with reference to FIGS. 11-4 and FIG. 19. These methods are embodied in computer instructions written to be executed by processors 78, 104, typically in the form of software. The software can be encoded in any language, including, but not limited to, assembly language, VHDL (Verilog Hardware Description Language), VHSIC HDL (Very High Speed IC Hardware Description Language), Fortran (formula translation), C, C++, C #, Objective-C, Visual C++, Java, ALGOL (algorithmic language), BASIC (beginners all-purpose symbolic instruction code), visual BASIC, ActiveX, HTML (HyperText Markup Language), Python, Ruby and any combination or derivative of at least one of the foregoing.

Also coupled to the processor 104 are the sensors 108. The sensors 108 may include but are not limited to: a microphone 116; a speaker 118; a front or rear facing camera 120; accelerometers 122 (inclinometers), gyroscopes 124, a magnetometers or compass 126; a global positioning satellite (GPS) module 128; a barometer 130; a proximity sensor 132; and an ambient light sensor 134. By combining readings from a combination of sensors 108 with a fusion algorithm that may include a Kalman filter, relatively accurate position and orientation measurements can be obtained.

It should be appreciated that the sensors 60, 74 integrated into the scanner 30 may have different characteristics than the sensors 108 of mobile device 43. For example, the resolution of the cameras 60, 120 may be different, or the accelerometers 94, 122 may have different dynamic ranges, frequency response, sensitivity (mV/g) or temperature parameters (sensitivity or range). Similarly, the gyroscopes 96, 124 or compass/magnetometer may have different characteristics. It is anticipated that in some embodiments, one or more sensors 108 in the mobile device 43 may be of higher accuracy than the corresponding sensors 74 in the system 30. As described in more detail herein, in some embodiments the processor 78 determines the characteristics of each of the sensors 108 and compares them with the corresponding sensors in the system 30 when the mobile device. The processor 78 then selects which sensors 74, 108 are used during operation. In some embodiments, the mobile device 43 may have additional sensors (e.g. microphone 116, camera 120) that may be used to enhance operation compared to operation of the system 30 without the mobile device 43. In still further embodiments, the system 30 does not include the IMU 74 and the processor 78 uses the sensors 108 for tracking the position and orientation/pose of the system 30. In still further embodiments, the addition of the mobile device 43 allows the system 30 to utilize the camera 120 to perform three-dimensional (3D) measurements either directly (using an RGB-D camera) or using photogrammetry techniques to generate 3D maps. In an embodiment, the processor 78 uses the communications circuit (e.g. a cellular 4G internet connection) to transmit and receive data from remote computers or devices.

In the exemplary embodiment, the system 30 is a handheld portable device that is sized and weighted to be carried by a single person during operation. Therefore, the plane 136 (FIG. 18) in which the 2D scanner 50 projects a light beam may not be horizontal relative to the floor or may continuously change as the computer moves during the scanning process. Thus, the signals generated by the accelerometers 94, gyroscopes 96 and compass 98 (or the corresponding sensors 108) may be used to determine the pose (yaw, roll, tilt) of the system 30 and determine the orientation of the plane 51.

In an embodiment, it may be desired to maintain the pose of the system 30 (and thus the plane 136) within predetermined thresholds relative to the yaw, roll and pitch orientations of the system 30. In an embodiment, a haptic feedback device 77 is disposed within the housing 32, such as in the handle 36. The haptic feedback device 77 is a device that creates a force, vibration or motion that is felt or heard by the operator. The haptic feedback device 77 may be, but is not limited to: an eccentric rotating mass vibration motor or a linear resonant actuator for example. The haptic feedback device is used to alert the operator that the orientation of the light beam from 2D scanner 50 is equal to or beyond a predetermined threshold. In operation, when the IMU 74 measures an angle (yaw, roll, pitch or a combination thereof), the controller 68 transmits a signal to a motor controller 138 that activates a vibration motor 140. Since the vibration originates in the handle 36, the operator will be notified of the deviation in the orientation of the system 30. The vibration continues until the system 30 is oriented within the predetermined threshold or the operator releases the actuator 38. In an embodiment, it is desired for the plane 136 to be within 10-15 degrees of horizontal (relative to the ground) about the yaw, roll and pitch axes.

In an embodiment, the 2D scanner 50 makes measurements as the system 30 is moved about an environment, such from a first position 142 to a second registration position 144 as shown in FIG. 11. In an embodiment, 2D scan data is collected and processed as the system 30 passes through a plurality of 2D measuring positions 146. At each measuring position 146, the 2D scanner 50 collects 2D coordinate data over an effective FOV 148. Using methods described in more detail below, the controller 68 uses 2D scan data from the plurality of 2D scans at positions 146 to determine a position and orientation of the system 30 as it is moved about the environment. In an embodiment, the common coordinate system is represented by 2D Cartesian coordinates x, y and by an angle of rotation 9 relative to the x or y axis. In an embodiment, the x and y axes lie in the plane of the 2D scanner and may be further based on a direction of a “front” of the 2D scanner 50.

FIG. 12 shows the 2D system 30 collecting 2D scan data at selected positions 108 over an effective FOV 110. At different positions 146, the 2D scanner 50 captures a portion of the object 150 marked A, B, C, D, and E. FIG. 121 shows 2D scanner 50 moving in time relative to a fixed frame of reference of the object 150.

FIG. 13 includes the same information as FIG. 12 but shows it from the frame of reference of the system 30 rather than the frame of reference of the object 150. FIG. 13 illustrates that in the system 30 frame of reference, the position of features on the object change over time. Therefore, the distance traveled by the system 30 can be determined from the 2D scan data sent from the 2D scanner 50 to the controller 68.

As the 2D scanner 50 takes successive 2D readings and performs best-fit calculations, the controller 68 keeps track of the translation and rotation of the 2D scanner 50, which is the same as the translation and rotation of the system 30. In this way, the controller 68 is able to accurately determine the change in the values of x, y, 9 as the system 30 moves from the first position 142 to the second position 144.

In an embodiment, the controller 68 is configured to determine a first translation value, a second translation value, along with first and second rotation values (yaw, roll, pitch) that, when applied to a combination of the first 2D scan data and second 2D scan data, results in transformed first 2D data that closely matches transformed second 2D data according to an objective mathematical criterion. In general, the translation and rotation may be applied to the first scan data, the second scan data, or to a combination of the two. For example, a translation applied to the first data set is equivalent to a negative of the translation applied to the second data set in the sense that both actions produce the same match in the transformed data sets. An example of an “objective mathematical criterion” is that of minimizing the sum of squared residual errors for those portions of the scan data determined to overlap. Another type of objective mathematical criterion may involve a matching of multiple features identified on the object. For example, such features might be the edge transitions 152, 154, and 156 shown in FIG. 11. The mathematical criterion may involve processing of the raw data provided by the 2D scanner 50 to the controller 68, or it may involve a first intermediate level of processing in which features are represented as a collection of line segments using methods that are known in the art, for example, methods based on the Iterative Closest Point (ICP). Such a method based on ICP is described in Censi, A., “An ICP variant using a point-to-line metric,” IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2008, which is incorporated by reference herein.

In an embodiment, assuming that the plane 136 of the light beam from 2D scanner 50 remains horizontal relative to the ground plane, the first translation value is dx, the second translation value is dy, and the first rotation value dθ. If the first scan data is collected with the 2D scanner 50 having translational and rotational coordinates (in a reference coordinate system) of (x₁, y₁, θ₁), then when the second 2D scan data is collected at a second location the coordinates are given by (x₂, y₂, θ₂)=(x₁+dx, y₁+dy, θ₁+dθ). In an embodiment, the controller 68 is further configured to determine a third translation value (for example, dz) and a second and third rotation values (for example, pitch and roll). The third translation value, second rotation value, and third rotation value may be determined based at least in part on readings from the IMU 74.

The 2D scanner 50 collects 2D scan data starting at the first position 142 and more 2D scan data at the second position 144. In some cases, these scans may suffice to determine the position and orientation of the system 30 at the second position 144 relative to the first position 142. In other cases, the two sets of 2D scan data are not sufficient to enable the controller 68 to accurately determine the first translation value, the second translation value, and the first rotation value. This problem may be avoided by collecting 2D scan data at intermediate scan positions 146. In an embodiment, the 2D scan data is collected and processed at regular intervals, for example, once per second. In this way, features in the environment are identified in successive 2D scans at positions 146. In an embodiment, when more than two 2D scans are obtained, the controller 68 may use the information from all the successive 2D scans in determining the translation and rotation values in moving from the first position 142 to the second position 144. In another embodiment, only the first and last scans in the final calculation, simply using the intermediate 2D scans to ensure proper correspondence of matching features. In most cases, accuracy of matching is improved by incorporating information from multiple successive 2D scans.

It should be appreciated that as the system 30 is moved beyond the second position 144, a two-dimensional image or map of the environment being scanned may be generated.

Referring now to FIG. 14, a method 160 is shown for generating a two-dimensional map with annotations. The method 160 starts in block 162 where the facility or area is scanned to acquire scan data 170, such as that shown in FIG. 15. The scanning is performed by carrying the system 30 through the area to be scanned. The system 30 measures distances from the system 30 to an object, such as a wall for example, and also a pose of the system 30 in an embodiment the user interacts with the system 30 via actuator 38. In the illustrated embodiments, the mobile device 43 provides a user interface that allows the operator to initiate the functions and control methods described herein. Using the registration process desired herein, the two dimensional locations of the measured points on the scanned objects (e.g. walls, doors, windows, cubicles, file cabinets etc.) may be determined. It is noted that the initial scan data may include artifacts, such as data that extends through a window 172 or an open door 174 for example. Therefore, the scan data 170 may include additional information that is not desired in a 2D map or layout of the scanned area.

The method 120 then proceeds to block 164 where a 2D map 176 is generated of the scanned area as shown in FIG. 16. The generated 2D map 176 represents a scan of the area, such as in the form of a floor plan without the artifacts of the initial scan data. It should be appreciated that the 2D map 176 may be utilized directly by an architect, interior designer or construction contractor as it represents a dimensionally accurate representation of the scanned area. In the embodiment of FIG. 14, the method 160 then proceeds to block 166 where optional user-defined annotations are made to the 2D maps 176 to define an annotated 2D map that includes information, such as dimensions of features, the location of doors, the relative positions of objects (e.g. liquid oxygen tanks, entrances/exits or egresses or other notable features such as but not limited to the location of automated sprinkler systems, knox or key boxes, or fire department connection points (“FDC”). In some geographic regions, public safety services such as fire departments may keep records of building or facility layouts for use in case of an emergency as an aid to the public safety personnel in responding to an event. It should be appreciated that these annotations may be advantageous in alerting the public safety personnel to potential issues they may encounter when entering the facility, and also allow them to quickly locate egress locations.

Once the annotations of the 2D annotated map are completed, the method 160 then proceeds to block 168 where the 2D map is stored in memory, such as nonvolatile memory 86 for example. The 2D map may also be stored in a network accessible storage device or server so that it may be accessed by the desired personnel.

Referring now to FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 an embodiment is illustrated with the mobile device 43 coupled to the system 20. As described herein, the 2D scanner 50 emits a beam of light in the plane 136. The 2D scanner 50 has a field of view (FOV) that extends over an angle that is less than 360 degrees. In the exemplary embodiment, the FOV of the 2D scanner is about 270 degrees. In this embodiment, the mobile device 43 is coupled to the housing 32 adjacent the end where the 2D scanner 50 is arranged. The mobile device 43 includes a forward facing camera 120. The camera 120 is positioned adjacent a top side of the mobile device and has a predetermined field of view 180. In the illustrated embodiment, the holder 41 couples the mobile device 43 on an obtuse angle 182. This arrangement allows the mobile device 43 to acquire images of the floor and the area directly in front of the system 20 (e.g. the direction the operator is moving the system 20).

In embodiments where the camera 120 is a RGB-D type camera, three-dimensional coordinates of surfaces in the environment may be directly determined in a mobile device coordinate frame of reference. In an embodiment, the holder 41 allows for the mounting of the mobile device 43 in a stable position (e.g. no relative movement) relative to the 2D scanner 50. When the mobile device 43 is coupled to the housing 32, the processor 78 performs a calibration of the mobile device 43 allowing for a fusion of the data from sensors 108 with the sensors of system 20. As a result, the coordinates of the 2D scanner may be transformed into the mobile device coordinate frame of reference or the 3D coordinates acquired by camera 120 may be transformed into the 2D scanner coordinate frame of reference.

In an embodiment, the mobile device is calibrated to the 2D scanner 50 by assuming the position of the mobile device based on the geometry and position of the holder 41 relative to 2D scanner 50. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the holder that causes the mobile device to be positioned in the same manner. It should be appreciated that this type of calibration may not have a desired level of accuracy due to manufacturing tolerance variations and variations in the positioning of the mobile device 43 in the holder 41. In another embodiment, a calibration is performed each time a different mobile device 43 is used. In this embodiment, the user is guided (such as via the user interface 110) to direct the system 30 to scan a specific object, such as a door, that can be readily identified in the laser readings of the system 30 and in the camera-sensor 120 using an object recognition method.

Referring now to FIG. 19, a method 200 is provided for generating a 2D map of an environment. The method 200 begins in block 202 where the operator couples the mobile device 43 to the holder 41. In an embodiment, the coupling includes forming a communication connection between the processor 78 and the processor 104. This communication connection allows the processors 78, 104 to exchange data, including sensor data, therebetween. The method 200 then proceeds to block 204 where information regarding the sensors 108 is transmitted to the processor 78. The information transmitted includes the type of sensors (e.g. accelerometer) and performance characteristics or parameters of the sensor (e.g. dynamic range, frequency response, sensitivity (mV/g) temperature sensitivity, or temperature range).

The method 200 then proceeds to block 206 where the processor 78 compares the sensors 108 with the corresponding sensors in the system 20. In an embodiment, this comparison includes comparing performance characteristics or parameters and determining which sensor would provide a desired accuracy of the scan. It should be appreciated that this comparison is performed on a sensor by sensor basis. In some embodiments, the data used for tracking and pose may be a combination of the sensors from the mobile device 43 and the system 20. For example, the accelerometer 122 may be used in combination with the gyroscope 96 and compass 98 for determining tracking and pose.

In an embodiment, once the sensors are selected the method 200 a calibration step is performed in block 208. As discussed herein, the calibration step allows the transforming of data between the mobile device coordinate frame of reference and the 2D scanner coordinate frame of reference.

The method 200 then proceeds to block 210 where the scan is performed by moving the system 20 (with mobile device 43 attached) about the environment. As the scan is being performed (e.g. the 2D scanner is emitting and receiving reflected light and determining distances), the method 200 is transforming data in block 212 into a common frame of reference, such as the 2D scanner frame of reference for example, so that coordinates of the points of surfaces in the environment may be determined. As the scan is being performed, the position and pose of the system 20 is determined on a periodic, aperiodic or continuous basis as described herein.

Once the scan is completed, the method 200 proceeds to block 214 where the 2D map is generated of the scanned area. It should be appreciated that in embodiments where the camera 120 is a 3D camera or RGB-D type camera, a 3D map of the environment may be generated.

It should be appreciated that while embodiments herein describe the performance of operational control methods by the processor 78, this is for exemplary purposes and the claims should not be so limited. In other embodiments, the operation control methods may be performed by the processor 104 or a combination of the processor 78 and the processor 104.

FIGS. 20-23 illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a system 30 that may be used to link information about a point of interest to a position of the point of interest within an image of a location where the point of interest is located, such as 2D map 176. The image may alternately be a 3D map as described above.

FIG. 20 shows a system 30 having a body 34. As described above, system 30 may also include scanner 50, which can determine a distance from the system 30 to another position, such as a wall for example. In other words, a position of the system 30 within the image, or relative to other objected within the image may be determined.

System 30 may further include an accessory 300 operably coupled to body 34. Accessory 300 may be detachable from body 34. Accessory 300 may include tools 302, 304 structured to provide information related to the point of interest. While FIGS. 20-23 show tools 302, 304, it will be understood that accessory 300 is not limited to embodiments having two tools. For example, accessory 300 may include only a single tool, or it may include three or more tools.

Further, it should be noted that while FIGS. 20-23 illustrate the system 30 with the mobile device holder 41 in a closed position, this is for exemplary purposes and the claims should not be so limited. In other embodiments, the system 30 may be operated with the holder 41 in the open or closed position.

As seen in FIG. 10, the system 30 may include a processor 78 as part of controller 68, which may be operably coupled to the tool 302 and/or tool 304. FIG. 28 shows a schematic drawing illustrating one possibility of connecting the tools 302, 304 to the processor 78. As described above, tools 302, 304 may be connected to accessory electronic circuit 308, which may in turn connect to accessory external terminal 312. Accessory external terminal 312 may connect to body external terminal 316, which is connected to port 101 of the controller 68. Similarly, mobile device 43 connects to controller 68 via port 100 as described above, through which communication between mobile device 43 and accessory 300 can be achieved. The accessory external connector 312 and body external terminal 316 may be any suitable port, such as but not limited to USB, USB-A, USB-B, USB-C, IEEE 1394 (Firewire), or Lightning™ connectors. Additionally, the connection between body external terminal 316 and controller 68 may be any suitable connection, such as but not limited to USB, USB-A, USB-B, USB-C, IEEE 1394 (Firewire), or Lightning™ connectors. It will be understood that FIG. 27 is showing a connection of accessory 300 and controller 68 schematically, and is not intended to indicate any kind of required specific arrangement of the components.

However, it will also be understood that in some embodiments, coupling between processor 78 and tool 302 or tool 304 and the processor may not be necessary. For example, a user may directly input data observed while using tool 302 or tool 304. Processor 78 may be configured to create a data structure linking the information with the position of the point of interest. FIG. 25 discussed below illustrates at least one possible embodiment of the data structure. System 30 further may further include a storage such as memory 80 in which the image and the data structure may be stored.

FIG. 21 shows an exploded view of system 30 to further illustrate the components of accessory 300. For example, FIG. 300 may include a housing 306. Housing 306 is structured to accommodate tools 302, 304 an accessory electronic circuit 308. Accessory electronic circuit 308 may be a printed-circuit board (PCB) and is structured to couple with tools 302, 304 within the housing 306. Accessory 300 may further include accessory external terminal 312 provided on an exterior of housing 306 and structured to electronically connect the electronic circuit to processor 78. In at least an embodiment, accessory external terminal 312 may be a 10-pin spring connector, but it will be understood that other types of connectors could be substituted. Accessory external terminal 312 is structured to couple with a body external terminal 316 provided on body 34. Accessory 300 may also include connectors 310 provided on an exterior of housing 306. Connectors 310 are structured to couple with complimentary connectors 314 provided on body 34. Connectors 310 may couple mechanically with connectors 314, or connectors 310, 314 may be complimentary magnets structured to couple via magnetic force.

FIGS. 22-23 further show how accessory 300 connects to body 34. FIG. 23 is a cross section of FIG. 22 along line A-A.

System 30 may further include a display structured to display the image, the point of interest, and the information related to the point of interest. As noted above, the display may be an LCD (liquid-crystal diode) display, a CRT (cathode ray tube) display, or the like. Additionally, system 30 may include buttons, switches, a keypad or other input for providing data input to controller 68.

System 30 may further include a portable computer terminal, such as mobile device 43. Mobile device 43 may be operably connected to controller 68 and accessory 300. Additionally, mobile device 43 may be configured to control tools 302, 304 and to receive and analyze data from accessory 300. Mobile device 43 may include software programs or applications to allow interface between the user and the accessory 300. FIG. 10 shows that mobile device 43 may include a processor 104, memory 106, and display 110. Processor 104 of mobile device 43 may be used in place of processor 78 to create a data structure linking the information with the position of the point of interest. Memory 106 of mobile device may be used in place of storage 80 for storing the image and data structure. Display 110 of mobile device 43 may be used in place of displays on the portable device to display the image, the point of interest, and the information related to the point of interest.

While FIGS. 20-23 show two tools 302, 304, the description below will only refer to tool 302 for simplicity. Tool 302 may be a device such as a flashlight. If the flashlight reveals information of note to the user, the user can use move scanner 50 to a position of the information of note, determine the position of the scanner, and create a data structure linking the position of the scanner (and the position of the information) to the information.

One possible example can be explained using FIG. 24, which shows 2D map 176. 2D map 176 may be previously stored, or it may be generated by the user simultaneously while information about points of interest are being gathered. For example, if the system 30 is being used by law enforcement to investigate a crime scene at a building depicted by 2D map 176, tool 302 configured as a flashlight may indicate evidence of interest to the investigator. The investigator, carrying the system 30, may use tool 302 configured as a flashlight to notice broken glass at point of interest A in FIG. 24. The investigator could carry system 30 to point A, determine a position of point A within the 2D image using scanner 50, and then inputting information about the broken glass at point A. This position and information could be linked in a data structure and stored as described above. Next, the investigator could notice a muddy footprint at point B using the flashlight (i.e., tool 302), and link it to a position in the 2D map 176 similar to the broken glass. As a second tool 304, accessory 300 may include a camera that can take a photograph of the point of interest and link it to the point of interest in the data structure.

Tool 302 is not limited to a flashlight and can be any time of tool for helping to determine information about a location. For example, tool 302 may be a UV light that could help investigators determine the past presence of bodily fluids. If tool 302 configured as a UV light indicated bodily fluids at point C in 2D map 176, the investigator could determine a position of point C and link information regarding the detected bodily fluids to coordinates of point C in a data structure, similar to the process described above.

It will also be understood that the tools on accessory 300 may be sensors that detect information instead of just passive lights that reveal information. For example, tool 302 may be a fingerprint detector. If an investigator discovered a crime victim at point D, he could carry the system 30 to point D, determine a position of point D, use tool 302 to record a fingerprint of the crime victim, and then create a data structure linking the fingerprint data to the coordinates of point D in 2D map 176.

It will also be understood that accessory 300 is not limited to law enforcement applications. For example, if tool 302 is configured as a surface temperature detector, a firefighter could use system 30 to systematically scan a building for hot spots after a fire is extinguished, and link them to positions on the image so that they can be rechecked later. Alternatively, accessory 300 may be equipped with a Geiger counter or other radiation detector to be used by emergency personnel to map radiation exposure during a radiation event. Overall, it will be understood that any type of detector or sensor that can be sized to use in accessory 300 may be used as part of the system 30.

FIG. 25 shows one possible embodiment of a data structure used to store the information linked to positions of the points of interest. For example, a point of interest may have coordinates X1, Y1 based on the coordinate system of an image such as 2D map 176. These coordinates may be stored in a table that relates coordinates X1, Y1 with certain notes about the location, such as “broken glass.” A photograph or other information may also be linked to the coordinates. Alternatively, if the tool was a fingerprint scanner, the notes may indicate a description of the fingerprint, and a file with an image of the fingerprint may be attached. If the tool is a detector or sensor, the table may include values detected at each of the listed coordinates. Other types of data structures may be used to store the data, as long as an information regarding a point of interest is linked to the coordinates of the point of interest.

Next, a method for linking information of a point of interest to a position within a location will be described with respect to FIG. 26. In block 400, an image depicting the location is acquired. The image may be a previously-recorded image that is retrieved from storage, or it may be an image that is being actively acquired and generated while information is going gathered.

In block 402, a portable device present within the location depicted by the image is used to determine a position of the point of interest. The portable device may be system 30 as described above. In determining a position of the point of interest, the portable device may be brought to the point of interest. As the portable device has the capability to determine its position relative to other objects within the environment being scanned, a position of the point of interest may be determined and indicated on the image (e.g. a map). Alternatively, it may be possible to remotely determine a position of the point of interest by detecting a distance an angle from the portable device and calculating the position of the point of interest based on the measured distance and angle. The position may be expressed in the coordinate system of the image.

In block 404, information related to the point of interest is acquired using a tool provided in an accessory operably coupled to the portable device. For example, information may be acquired using tool 302 provided in accessory 300. The tool may be a passive tool such as a flashlight or UV light that reveals information to a user, which is then entered by the user into system 30. Alternatively, the tool may be a sensor or detector that can actively detect a property of the point of interest, such as a camera, a fingerprint scanner, a temperature detector, radiation detector, etc.

In block 406, a data structure linking the information to the position of the point of interest is created. This data structure may take the form of the table shown in FIG. 25. In block 408, the data structure is stored in a storage, such as memory 80 for example.

The methods illustrated in FIG. 26 may also be implemented as a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing therein computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the operations depicted by blocks 400, 402, 404, 406, and 408.

FIG. 27 shows another embodiment of a method for linking information of a point of interest to a position within a location. The method shown in FIG. 27 is similar to the method shown in FIG. 28, with the addition of optional blocks 410, 412. In block 410, a user selects an accessory that has the desired tools. For example, if the user is investigating a crime scene, the user may select a tool that includes a UV light and a fingerprint scanner. Alternatively, if the user is investigating the remains of a structure fire, the user may select a tool that includes a flashlight and a surface temperature scanner. In block 412, the selected accessory is coupled to the system.

The term “about” is intended to include the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity based upon the equipment available at the time of filing the application.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof.

While the invention has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the invention can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the invention. Additionally, while various embodiments of the invention have been described, it is to be understood that aspects of the invention may include only some of the described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for linking information of a point of interest to a position within an image of a location, the system comprising: a portable device that comprises a processor configured to determine a position of the point of interest in the image when the portable device is present within the location depicted by the image, wherein the portable device is configured to receive a removable electronic device by coupling the removable electronic device to a first communication port of the processor, wherein the removable electronic device includes a tool configured to provide information related to the point of interest via the first communication port; and a mobile device coupled with the processor of the portable device via a second communication port, the mobile device configured to communicate data and commands to the portable device via the second communication port, and the mobile device configured to control the operation of the tool from the removable electronic device by instructing the processor to send one or more commands to the tool via the first communication port; wherein the processor is configured to: create a data structure linking the information from the tool of the removable electronic device with the position of the point of interest and storing the data structure on a storage that is accessible by the mobile device; and update the data structure by adding an annotation received via the mobile device.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the image is a two-dimensional (2D) image; and the portable device comprises a scanner configured to generate the 2D image.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the image is a three-dimensional (3D) image; and the portable device comprises a scanner configured to generate the 3D image.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the removable electronic device is an accessory configured to mount to the portable device, the accessory comprises: a housing; the tool arranged within the housing; an accessory electronic circuit operably coupled to the tool and arranged within the housing; an accessory external terminal configured to operably connect the accessory electronic circuit to the portable device; and a connector configured to connect the housing to the portable device.
 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a display configured to display the image, the point of interest, and the information.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the removable electronic device is a portable computer terminal, the portable computer terminal being operably connected to the portable device; and the portable computer terminal being configured to control the tool or analyze data from the tool, wherein the portable computer terminal includes a respective processor and a respective storage.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the portable computer comprises a display.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the portable device is configured to receive a second removable electronic device via third communication port.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the tool comprises a sensor configured to detect the information.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the portable device includes a holder pivotally coupled to the portable device and configured to receive the removable electronic device.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the portable device includes a body and a handle, wherein the body is configured to receive the removable electronic device.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the portable device is configured to receive at least two removable electronic devices, wherein a first removable electronic device is configured to operably connect to both the processor of the portable device and a second removable electronic device.
 13. A method for linking information of a point of interest to a position within a location, the method comprising: mounting a first device to a portable device via a first communication port; mounting a removable electronic device to the portable device via a second communication port; operating the portable device and the removable electronic device using the first device, wherein the operating comprises: acquiring an image depicting the location using an imaging system of the portable device; determining, using the portable device while the portable device is present within the location depicted by the image, a position of the point of interest in the image; acquiring information related to the point of interest using the portable device and a tool of the removable electronic device, wherein acquiring the information comprises: creating a data structure linking the information from the tool with the position of the point of interest from the portable device; and storing the data structure; and updating the data structure by adding an annotation for the point of interest via a user interface of the first device.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the portable device includes at least one of a 2D scanner and a 3D scanner, and the method further comprises generating the image with the portable device.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the tool comprises a sensor configured to detect the information, and the acquiring information comprises detecting the information with the sensor.
 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the removable electronic device is one of a plurality of removable electronic devices, each removable electronic device of the plurality of removable electronic devices having a different tool or combination of tools, and wherein mounting the removable electronic device to the portable device comprises: selecting a removable electronic device from the plurality of removable electronic devices based on a user-desired tool; and decoupling the removable electronic device from the second communication port, and further coupling the selected removable electronic device having the user-desired tool to the portable device via the second communication port.
 17. An accessory for use with a portable device configured to create an image depicting a location, the accessory comprising: a housing; a tool configured to provide information regarding a point of interest within the location, the tool being accommodated within the housing; an accessory electronic circuit operably coupled to the tool; an accessory external terminal configured to operably connect the accessory electronic circuit to the portable device via a first communication port; and a connector provided on an exterior of the housing and configured to removably connect the housing to the portable device, wherein the information regarding the point of interest within the location is configured to be linked with a position of the image created by the portable device in response to an instruction from a mobile device that is coupled to the portable device via a second communication port, the mobile device is configured to operate the portable device and the tool that is connected to the portable device via the connector using the first communication position.
 18. The accessory according to claim 17, wherein the accessory external terminal is one of a 10-pin spring connector and a structure configured to couple with a USB port.
 19. The accessory according to claim 17, wherein the connector is a magnet. 